When a human beings is deprived of its basic right , it is said Violations of right have occurred.There are not only individual Violations of right, but there are also mass Violations of right. Forexample Violations of right based on race against non-white in some of states of western world. Multinational company of western world are marketing pesticide in poor country ,which is injurious to health of human being and which is banned in their state, is mass Violations of right. Multinational company of western world are marketing medicines in poor country which is established injurious to health of human being in their state, is mass Violations of right. Bhopal incident is mass Violations of right.
There is now near-universal consensus that all individuals are entitled to certain basic rights under any circumstances. These include certain civil liberties and political rights, the most fundamental of which is the right to life and physical safety. Human rights are the articulation of the need for justice, tolerance, mutual respect, and human dignity in all of our activity. Speaking of rights allows us to express the idea that all individuals are part of the scope of morality and justice.
To protect human rights is to ensure that people receive some degree of decent, humane treatment. To violate the most basic human rights, on the other hand, is to deny individuals their fundamental moral entitlements. It is, in a sense, to treat them as if they are less than human and undeserving of respect and dignity. Examples are acts typically deemed "crimes against humanity," including genocide, torture, slavery, rape, enforced sterilization or medical experimentation, and deliberate starvation. Because these policies are sometimes implemented by governments, limiting the unrestrained power of the state is an important part of international law. Underlying laws that prohibit the various "crimes against humanity" is the principle of nondiscrimination and the notion that certain basic rights apply universally.
Among the cases of gross human rights violations, the case surrounding the events of G-30 for TRC will be a controversial case. The dilemma can arise with the involvement of the TRC for cleaning the case memangani PKI activists.
LIPI researchers Asvi Marwan Adam saw, if carnage before October 1, 1965 which takes a lot of victims of Islamic parties, because the perpetrators are equally civil, easier reconciliation. "Suppose this is over," he explained. Problems arise when the TRC tried to finish its massacres that occurred post-G30S.
Asvi explained, once Suharto on October 1, 1965 managed to master the situation, the announcement came out that afternoon Peperalda Jaya, which banned all newspapers published-except the Armed Forces (AB) and News Yudha. That way, all the information controlled by the army.
News, published by both newspapers were then engineered to blame as the mastermind G30S PKI supported Gerwani as a symbol of moral depravity. The information is then absorbed by other newspapers which may be issued a new October 6, 1965.
Coup attempt of 1 October, then followed by massacres in Indonesia. Many sources are preaching about the number of victims of the massacre in 1965/1966 it is not easy to know exactly. Of the 39 articles collected Robert Cribb (1990:12) the number of victims ranges between 78,000 to two million people, or an average of 432,590 people.
Cribb said the massacre was carried out in a simple way. "They use a knife or cleaver," Cribb explained. Nothing like a Nazi gas chamber. People who are executed are also not taken to the place long before the slaughter. Usually they were killed near his home.Another feature, he says, "It was usually at night." The murder takes place quickly, only a few months. The Nazis took many years and the Khmer Rouge did in four years.
Cribb added, there are four factors that sparked the genocide. First, the culture of mass amok, as a support element of violence. Second, the conflict between communist groups with religious leaders of Islam that has been going on since the 1960s. Third, the military suspected of a role in moving the masses. Fourth, the media provocation factors that cause people furious.
The role of the military media, newspapers and news Yudha AB, is also very crucial. This is the original media to spread the word sadistic about the scratching of pubic Gerwani the Generals. In fact, according to Cribb, based on the vise, as revealed by Ben Anderson (1987) the body was only suffered gunshot wounds and bruises hit by a rifle butt or knock the wall of the well wall. The news of the atrocities Gerwani sparked mass outrage.
Therefore, Asvi reminded that the massacre in 1965/66 need to be separated between the conflicts between communities with crime committed by the state. Disputes between people, although eating a lot of casualties could be resolved. What's worse is the crime committed against the state of society, involving allegations of military involvement (especially in Central Java) in various forms of torture and murder.
According to Cribb, in many cases, the killings began only after the arrival of elite military units on the scene who ordered acts of violence. "Or at least give examples of the military," he said. This needs to be investigated. Military involvement, it still says Cribb, to create the complexity of the problem. The more blood-stained hand in the destruction of communism, the more hands that will oppose the revival of the PKI and thus nothing could be accused of being a sponsor massacre.
An Indonesian Young Generation gatherings held at the University of Leuwen Belgium 23 September 2000 with the theme "Self Mawas Event 1965: An Overview Repeat History", expressly concluded that in looking at G-30 events to be distinguished between October 1 and subsequent events, namely the form of mass slaughter say no peerless in the modern history of Indonesia, perhaps even the world, to this day.
Peritiwa here, a knot that meeting, a palpable reality that never was witnessed by many people and still be a collective memoir some of them are still alive.
Hardoyo, a former member of DPRGR / MPRS from Golkar Faction Young, one idea with the results of the Belgian meeting. "Let's step it should be fair we do."
Former political prisoner 1966-1979 was later told. "I once interviewed a son of the husband-wife pair of elementary school teachers in a town in Central Java. The father is a member of PGRI was killed early November 1965. The mother is still pregnant gave birth to nine months left to his last son, and three days after the child was born he was taken from the hospital labor and instantly killed. "
According to his son who in 1965 aged 14 years, families of the perpetrators of the murder of his parents were sent an acknowledgment that they were forced to commit murder because of his superior ordered. While certain CBOs menggeroyok and arrested her parents say that they are ruled by leaders because otherwise they will be killed. Its leaders were later admitted that they just continue command authorities.
Hardoyo added: I then asked, "Do you hold a grudge?" The boy replied, "At first, yes." But after we study the problem, I lost my revenge. "They're just executing the real problem is not ignorant." They, added Hardoyo, also part of the victims of history in various forms and sides.
Could be true, the question about the G-30 or PKI in general, the role of the TRC will have to sort out explicitly, post October 1 versus before October 1.
Cases of human rights violations can be categorized into two types, namely:
a. Cases that are severe human rights violations, including:
Massacre (genisida)
Arbitrary killings or outside of court decisions
torture
Enforced disappearances
Slavery or discrimination is carried out systematically
b. Ordinary cases of human rights violations, including:
beatings
persecution
Defamation
People are prevented from expressing his opinion
Eliminating another person's life
One way is to respect ourselves and others, obeying the rules, and don’t actions violations of law. More than keep behavior and attitude .
It should be more concerned with the state government. The government must be morevigilant and assertive in order to future human rights violations in Indonesia can beminimized.
